7th June, 2025 - Facts, Data, Keywords and Punchlines for Mains

Facts Data Keywords and Punchlines for Mains

GS III - Ecology

2025: A Landmark Year for Environmental Preservation

2025 - International Year of Glaciers’ Preservation

March 21 is World Day for Glaciers, observed for the first time this year (2025).

2025-34 - ‘Decade of Action on Cryospheric Science’.

2021-2030 - United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.

Source to Sea Approach (S2S)

The Source-to-Sea (S2S) Approach is a holistic and integrated method of managing water and land resources that considers the entire water system, from inland sources like rivers, lakes, and aquifers to coastal zones and the open ocean. It recognizes that activities upstream (like deforestation, agriculture, or urban pollution) directly affect ecosystems and communities downstream, including estuaries, deltas, and marine environments.

"Ridge to Reef" (R2R) Approach

The Ridge to Reef (R2R) Approach is an ecosystem-based and integrated natural resource management strategy that focuses on the entire landscape and seascape, from mountain ridges (uplands) to coral reefs and coastal waters. It recognizes that activities in upland areas directly affect downstream and coastal ecosystems.

Water Stress

NITI Aayog Report (Composite Water Management Index (CWMI)) - water stress might affect 600 million people are facing high to extreme water stress with a likely loss of 6% of GDP due to water stress. 2,00,000 people die annually due to inadequate access to safe water.

Water Pollution

2022 CPCB Report - The Central Pollution Control Board identified 311 polluted river stretches along 279 rivers in 30 States and Union Territories.

Waste Management

India produces an average of 1.7 lakh tonnes of solid waste a day of which around only 53% is treated.

Ground Water Management

India uses an average of 60.5% of extractable ground water resources, with States such as Haryana, Punjab and Rajasthan reporting more than 100% use.

60% of irrigation and 85% of drinking water supply is done through ground water.

Health

Early Onset of Chronic Illnesses in Working Indians – Key Findings from Employee Health Report 2025

Emerging Health Crisis in India’s Workforce

Chronic illnesses are appearing a decade earlier in Indian workers compared to global trends.

Average onset age: In India – early 30s or even late 20s; globally – post-50

Conditions include: Diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, mental health disorders

Comorbidities are becoming common

Stats:

• 20% of urban white-collar workers suffer from multiple chronic ailments

• 1 in 5 employees sought mental health help

• 1 in 5 considered quitting due to burnout

• Actual situation worse for: Gig workers, MSME staff, contractual labour (often uninsured)

GS IV - Examples

Grit, Determination and Bravery

A 13 year old girl (Class 8) in Challekere resisted the attempt of parents and relative to marry her off to her maternal uncle. She rejected Child marriage to continue her studies.